生銹腐蝕問題?現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)?

Symptoms of rusting and corrosion problems

濟(jì)南鐵藝護(hù)欄生銹腐蝕較為常見，尤其是在長(zhǎng)期暴露于室外環(huán)境的情況下。生銹初期，鐵藝表面會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些細(xì)小的銹斑，隨著時(shí)間推移，銹斑逐漸擴(kuò)大，甚至可能導(dǎo)致部分鐵藝部件出現(xiàn)銹穿、斷裂等嚴(yán)重情況。在濟(jì)南的一些老城區(qū)，部分居民小區(qū)的鐵藝護(hù)欄由于使用年限較長(zhǎng)，生銹問題尤為突出，不僅影響了護(hù)欄的美觀，還降低了其防護(hù)性能。?

Rust and corrosion are common in Jinan wrought iron guardrails, especially when exposed to outdoor environments for a long time. In the early stage of rusting, small rust spots may appear on the surface of the iron piece. Over time, the rust spots gradually expand and may even cause serious problems such as rust penetration and fracture of some iron parts. In some old urban areas of Jinan, the rusting problem of wrought iron guardrails in some residential communities is particularly prominent due to their long service life, which not only affects the appearance of the guardrails but also reduces their protective performance. ?

原因分析?

Cause analysis

材質(zhì)因素：部分鐵藝護(hù)欄在選材時(shí)，未選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材。一些劣質(zhì)鋼材本身含碳量過高，雜質(zhì)較多，抗腐蝕性能較差。例如，在一些小型工程項(xiàng)目中，為降低成本，可能會(huì)采用價(jià)格低廉的普通鋼材制作鐵藝護(hù)欄，這類鋼材在濟(jì)南多變的氣候條件下，容易與空氣中的氧氣、水分發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，加速生銹腐蝕。?

Material factor: Some iron guardrails did not use high-quality steel when selecting materials. Some inferior steel materials themselves have high carbon content, more impurities, and poor corrosion resistance. For example, in some small-scale engineering projects, in order to reduce costs, low-priced ordinary steel may be used to make wrought iron guardrails. This type of steel is prone to chemical reactions with oxygen and moisture in the air under the changing climate conditions in Jinan, accelerating rusting and corrosion. ?

表面處理不當(dāng)：鐵藝護(hù)欄的表面處理工藝對(duì)其防銹性能至關(guān)重要。常見的表面處理方式有鍍鋅、噴漆、烤漆等。若在鍍鋅過程中，鍍鋅層厚度不足，無法形成有效的保護(hù)膜，就難以抵御外界環(huán)境侵蝕。噴漆或烤漆工藝若操作不規(guī)范，如漆層厚度不均勻、底層處理不干凈等，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致鐵藝護(hù)欄在短時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)漆面脫落，進(jìn)而使鋼材暴露生銹。在濟(jì)南某些施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，由于施工人員對(duì)表面處理工藝把控不到位，新安裝的鐵藝護(hù)欄在經(jīng)過一個(gè)雨季之后，就開始出現(xiàn)生銹跡象。?

Improper surface treatment: The surface treatment process of wrought iron guardrails is crucial for their rust prevention performance. Common surface treatment methods include galvanizing, painting, baking paint, etc. If the thickness of the galvanized layer is insufficient during the galvanizing process to form an effective protective film, it will be difficult to resist external environmental erosion. If the painting or baking process is not standardized, such as uneven thickness of the paint layer, unclean bottom treatment, etc., it can also cause the paint surface of the wrought iron guardrail to peel off in a short period of time, thereby exposing the steel and rusting. At some construction sites in Jinan, due to inadequate control of surface treatment processes by construction personnel, newly installed wrought iron guardrails began to show signs of rusting after a rainy season. ?

環(huán)境因素：濟(jì)南屬于溫帶季風(fēng)氣候，夏季高溫多雨，空氣濕度較大，這種潮濕的環(huán)境為鐵藝生銹創(chuàng)造了有利條件。此外，城市中的工業(yè)廢氣、汽車尾氣等污染物中含有酸性物質(zhì)，與空氣中的水分結(jié)合形成酸雨，對(duì)鐵藝護(hù)欄具有較強(qiáng)的腐蝕性。例如，在濟(jì)南的一些工業(yè)區(qū)周邊，鐵藝護(hù)欄受到酸雨侵蝕的影響更為明顯，生銹速度比其他區(qū)域更快。

Environmental factors: Jinan belongs to a temperate monsoon climate, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall in summer, and high air humidity. This humid environment creates favorable conditions for rusting of wrought iron. In addition, industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust and other pollutants in cities contain acidic substances that combine with moisture in the air to form acid rain, which has strong corrosiveness to wrought iron guardrails. For example, in some industrial areas around Jinan, the impact of acid rain erosion on wrought iron guardrails is more pronounced, and the rusting rate is faster than in other areas.

結(jié)構(gòu)松動(dòng)問題?現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)?

Phenomenon manifestation of structural looseness problem

鐵藝護(hù)欄結(jié)構(gòu)松動(dòng)表現(xiàn)為欄桿晃動(dòng)、連接件松動(dòng)甚至脫落等情況。在濟(jì)南的一些公園、廣場(chǎng)等地，人們?cè)谝锌炕蛴|碰鐵藝護(hù)欄時(shí)，能明顯感覺到欄桿晃動(dòng)，存在較大安全隱患。部分小區(qū)的鐵藝大門，在長(zhǎng)期使用后，門軸、合頁等連接件松動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致大門開合不順暢，甚至無法正常關(guān)閉。

The looseness of the iron guardrail structure is manifested as shaking of the railing, loosening or even detachment of connecting components. In some parks, squares and other places in Jinan, people can clearly feel the shaking of the iron railings when leaning against or touching them, which poses a significant safety hazard. After long-term use, the iron gates in some residential areas have loose connections such as door shafts and hinges, resulting in unsmooth opening and closing of the gates, and even inability to close normally.

原因分析?

Cause analysis

安裝不規(guī)范：在鐵藝護(hù)欄安裝過程中，若施工人員未按照規(guī)范操作，就容易導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)松動(dòng)。例如，在固定立柱時(shí)，基礎(chǔ)澆筑深度不夠，或者使用的膨脹螺栓規(guī)格過小、數(shù)量不足，都無法為護(hù)欄提供穩(wěn)固的支撐，隨著時(shí)間推移和外力作用，立柱容易出現(xiàn)晃動(dòng)。在連接欄桿與立柱時(shí)，焊接不牢固，焊點(diǎn)過小或存在虛焊現(xiàn)象，也會(huì)使欄桿與立柱之間的連接強(qiáng)度降低，從而導(dǎo)致松動(dòng)。在濟(jì)南某新建小區(qū)的驗(yàn)收過程中，就發(fā)現(xiàn)部分鐵藝護(hù)欄存在立柱基礎(chǔ)不牢固的問題，需要重新返工加固。?

Improper installation: During the installation of wrought iron guardrails, if construction personnel do not follow the specifications, it is easy to cause structural looseness. For example, when fixing the column, if the foundation pouring depth is not sufficient, or if the expansion bolts used are too small in size or insufficient in quantity, they cannot provide stable support for the guardrail. Over time and under external forces, the column is prone to shaking. When connecting railings and columns, weak welding, small welding points, or virtual welding can also reduce the connection strength between railings and columns, leading to looseness. During the acceptance process of a newly built residential area in Jinan, it was discovered that some iron guardrails had unstable column foundations and needed to be reworked and reinforced. ?

日常維護(hù)缺失：鐵藝護(hù)欄在使用過程中，需要定期進(jìn)行維護(hù)檢查。然而，很多場(chǎng)所對(duì)鐵藝護(hù)欄缺乏日常維護(hù)意識(shí)。連接件在長(zhǎng)期使用過程中，受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋等自然因素影響，會(huì)出現(xiàn)生銹、變形等情況，若不及時(shí)進(jìn)行緊固或更換，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致松動(dòng)。此外，鐵藝護(hù)欄可能會(huì)遭受人為碰撞，如車輛刮擦、重物撞擊等，若受損后未及時(shí)修復(fù)，也會(huì)使結(jié)構(gòu)松動(dòng)問題加劇。在濟(jì)南的一些道路兩側(cè)，由于部分車輛靠邊停車時(shí)不小心刮擦到路邊的鐵藝護(hù)欄，導(dǎo)致欄桿變形、連接件松動(dòng)，但長(zhǎng)期未得到修復(fù)，安全隱患日益增大。?

Lack of daily maintenance: Iron guardrails require regular maintenance and inspection during use. However, many places lack daily maintenance awareness for wrought iron guardrails. During long-term use, connectors may rust and deform due to natural factors such as wind, sun, and rain. If not tightened or replaced in a timely manner, they may become loose. In addition, wrought iron guardrails may be subject to human collisions, such as vehicle scratches, heavy object impacts, etc. If damaged and not repaired in a timely manner, it can also exacerbate the problem of structural looseness. On both sides of some roads in Jinan, due to some vehicles accidentally scratching the iron guardrails on the roadside when parking, the guardrails have been deformed and the connecting parts have become loose, but they have not been repaired for a long time, and the safety hazards are increasing day by day. ?

設(shè)計(jì)不合理：部分鐵藝護(hù)欄在設(shè)計(jì)階段，未充分考慮實(shí)際使用中的受力情況和環(huán)境因素，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)不合理。例如，欄桿間距過大，在人員倚靠時(shí)，欄桿承受的壓力過于集中，容易使連接件松動(dòng)。在一些風(fēng)力較大的區(qū)域，若鐵藝護(hù)欄的抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)不足，長(zhǎng)期受強(qiáng)風(fēng)作用，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)松動(dòng)。在濟(jì)南的一些高層住宅陽臺(tái)鐵藝護(hù)欄設(shè)計(jì)中，若未考慮到高層建筑風(fēng)荷載較大的特點(diǎn)，就可能出現(xiàn)護(hù)欄在大風(fēng)天氣下晃動(dòng)加劇的情況。

Unreasonable design: Some wrought iron guardrails did not fully consider the actual stress conditions and environmental factors during the design phase, resulting in an unreasonable structural design. For example, if the spacing between railings is too large, the pressure on the railings will be too concentrated when personnel lean against them, which can easily cause the connecting components to loosen. In some areas with strong winds, if the wind resistance design of wrought iron guardrails is insufficient, long-term exposure to strong winds can also lead to structural looseness. In the design of iron railings for balconies in some high-rise residential buildings in Jinan, if the characteristics of high wind loads in high-rise buildings are not taken into account, it may lead to increased shaking of the railings in windy weather.

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